|  the tenses الازمنة
the tenses الازمنة
The tenses
1- the present continuous tense.المضارع المستمر
Is used if you want to express an event that occur now while you are talking , an event that take place at the moment or now.
زمن المضارع المستمر يعبر عن حدث يحدث الان لحظةالكلام
Formation
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I + am + v –ing
He
She + is + verb + ing
It
اسممفرد
You
We + are + verb + ing
They
اسمجمع
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- words usually used with the tense:
Now - at the moment - look - listen
Examples :
1- he is studying now at the library. (He + is)
2- Look! He is swimming.
3- Listen! the president is talking. (The president اسم مفرد لذلك استخدمنا معه is).
4- We are playing chess at the moment.
5- They are watching a comedy film.
6- the girls are playing tennis
7- the student is writing his homework.
8- I am doing my work .
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2-the present simple tense.
زمنالمضارع البسيط يعبر عن الاتي
1- حدث متكرر
2- حقيقة دائمة
3- عادة
The formation
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He
She + verb + (s or es or ies )
It
اسم مفرد
They
We + infinitive
You
اسمجمع
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Firstly, we begin with s , es , ies .-
- the sun shines at 6 o'clock every morning.
زمن الجملة مضارع بسيط لانشروق الشمس حدث متكرر
Notice : shine + s
************
Notice: (es) is used with verbs ends with
( o – sh – ch – ss – x ).
She crosses the way
She goes to the school on foot every day .
He fixes the cars.
He studies arts at AUC.
يدرس الفنون في الجامعة الامريكية...هذه حقيقة
Notice : he + verb + ies
Study converted into studies.
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Any verb ends with (Y) when is used in simple tense with he or she or it , you have to convert ( y) into ( I ) and add es.
Notice ( we ) + verb without any adds.
Girls like math
تعبرعن حقيقة ان البنات في هذا الكلاس يبحون الرياضيات
لانها اسم جمع فلذلك الفعل فيالمصدر ولا اضافات
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The words of the present simple tense.
Every – always – usually – often – never .
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- You usually get up early.
- i always study at the night.
- i never go to graveyard.
- i usually visit gamasa at summer .
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Notice: we use (do) and (does) in questions.
He , she . it . اسم مفرد + does
You , we , they , I, + do.
Examples:
1- do you study in USA ?
2- Do they play chess?
3- Do that boys like their teacher ?
4- Does ali play in the stadium?
5- Does he travel USA every summer?
6- Does she study abroad?
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في حالات الاثبات
1- yes, he does.
2- Yes, they do,
3- Yes, boys like their teacher?
4- Yes, I do.
في حالاتالنفي
1- No, he doesn't.
2- No, they don't.
3- No, the boys don't like their teacher.
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3- Past simple tense:
To express an event that happened at the past .
زمن الماضي البسيط ليعبر عن حدث في الماضيحدث وانتهي
formation
He , she , it , اسم مفرد + was
I , we , they . you , + أسم جمع + were
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To build a sentence in past tense we add (ed) to the verb or (d) if the verb already ends with (d).
some verbs we don't add (ed) or (d) like
eat the past is ate
cut the past is cut
break the past is broke
في العادة نضيفحرف الدي الي اخر الفعل اذا كان الفعل منتظم مثل :
like - liked
look - looked
اما في حالة الافعال غير المنتظمة نستخدم التصريف الثاني مثل :
eat - ate
go - went
come - came
run - ran
do - did
break - broke
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1- they did their home work.
2- You broke my car.
3- I cut that paper.
4- He ate his beak fast.
5- the engineer fixed the computer.
6- the criminal killed that woman.
7- He played all the match last time
8- I won ali in chess game yesterday morning
Win - won - won
9 – I left 3 hours ago
leave - left - left
10 - She smiled like the sun.
11- I was at the match, didn't you see me .
12 - we were there yesterday.
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عند السؤالعن شيء في الماضي نستخدم
did .
Did + subject + infinitive
Subject = الفاعل
Infinitive = المصدر
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Examples:
Did you study abroad , before ?
Did he finish his homework?
Did you see the sun eclipse?
Did your brother tell you ?
عند الاجابة بالاثبات
1- yes I did .
2- yes she did.
3- Yes he told me.
4- Yes he finished his homework.
عند الاجابة بالنفي
1 – No, I didn't.
2- No, he didn't finish his homework.
3- No, he didn't tell me.
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The present perfect tense المضارعالتام
يستخدم في حالة حدث انتهي منذ وقت قصير او انتهي فيالماشي ومازال تأثيره حتي الوقت الراهن
Formation
1 – I , we , they , you , + have
+ p . p
2- he , she, it + has
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Example:
اولا حالات الاثبات
1- I have worked
2- He has broken the car
حالات النفي
1- I have not worked
2- He hasn't worked
الاستفهام
Have you worked?
Has he worked?
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words:الكلمات المستخدمة مع الزمن
- ever - yet – since - for – ago – just – already
I have just come back. لسه راجع حالا
I have already finished my work.
Have you ever been to the zoo ?
I have never been to the zoo ?
I haven't seen him since 1995.
I haven't seen him for a long time.
I haven't seen him 3 years a go .
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the past continuous tense الماشي المستمر
يعبر عن حدث كان مستمرا فيالماضي.
يعبر
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review with actions :
When 2 actions happened at the past, we
use past perfect tense with the first and
use past simple tense with the second.
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i had finished my homework, then I turned in.
بعدماخلصت واجبي ذهبتللنوم.
Firstly, he had killed the cat .then he wept when he saw the blood.
بعدما قتل القطة جلس وبكي دموعا لما رأي الدم.
نلاحظ ان اول فعل هوالقتل لذا جاء في الماضي التام والافعال التالية كلها في الماضي البسيط.
After I had said goodbye for my friend, I saw a thief.
Before he visited me, I had prepared the room.
Before he came, I had finished my class.
I had had my dinner, and then I went outside with my grandfather.
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When an action was continuous at the past,
we use past continuous tense
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Where have you been?
----
I was ****ing.
I was doing my homework.
I was playing football.
I was preparing my room.
They were eating.
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When an action was continuous at the past and anther action happened.
We use past continuous tense with the first and past simple tense with the second.
حدث كان مستمر فيالماضي وجاء حدث اخر فقطعه .
اذا نستخدم الماضي التام مع الاول والبسيط معالثاني.
1- I was playing when he died.
2-I was watching the match when the building collapsed.
3-While she was studying, her father entered.
They knew what has happened, while they were eating.
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* the past continuous tense الماضي المستمر
يعبر عن حدث كان مستمرا في الماضي لفترة
اذا كان حدثان في الماضي فالاول في الماضيالمستمر والثاني في الماضي البسيط
الماضيالمستمر يختلف عن الماضي البسيط في ان الاول كان مستمرا ام الثاني فكان في لحظة مالم يكن مستمر
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formation
1 - he -she- it + was + v + ing
2- we -they -you +were +v + ing
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examples:
i was eating.
they were watching the film.
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while she was ****ing, her baby got up.
i was studying , and my brother was eating.
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