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Hope is the state which promotes the desire of positive outcomes related to events and circumstances in one's life or in the world at large. Despair is often regarded as the opposite of hope. Hope is the "feeling that what is wanted can be had or
that events will turn out for the best" or the act of "looking forward to something with desire and reasonable confidence" or "feeling that something desired may happen" Other definitions are "to cherish a desire with anticipation"; "to desire with expectation of obtainment"; or "to expect with confidence". In the English language the word can be used as either a noun or a verb, although hope as a concept has a
similar meaning in either use


Robert Mattox, social activist and futurist, proposes a social change theory based on the hope phenomenon.There is significant research on the ability of leadership to effect change, but little research exists that examines the conditions of leadership necessary to initiate and successfully lead change.
Many leadership theories presuppose that an individual who does the right things will be an effective leader. Dr. Larry Stout postulates that certain conditions must exist before even the most talented leaders can lead change. Dr. Stout highlights four conditions necessary to lead change:
1. people (who) 2. place (where) 3. position (what) 4. period (when) If a leader has a green light in all four conditions, they
will be able to lead change

Considering these leadership conditions among other macro social change drivers, Robert Mattox proposes a change management theory. Dealers in Hope explores four leadership profiles- Steve Jobs, Barack Obama, Mike Morhaime, and the historical figure Moses who succeeded or failed to lead change based on whether or not they were a dealer in hope. Robert Mattox prescribes how a leader can lead change and shape culture within their community or organization by creating a hopescape and harnessing the hope system- illustrated using a “hope diamond” metaphor (from coal to




In psychology

Dr. Barbara L. Fredrickson, Principal Investigator of the Positive Emotions and Psychophysiology Lab and Professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,argues that hope "...comes into play when our circumstances are dire", when "things are not going well or at least there’s considerable uncertainty about how things will turn out". She states that "hope literally opens us up...[and] removes the blinders of fear and despair and allows us to see the big picture [, thus allowing us tobecome creative" and have "belief in [a] better future".
"Psychologist, C.R. Snyder and his colleagues say that hope is cultivated when we have a goal in mind, determination that a goal can be reached, and a plan on how to reach those goals".
Hopeful people are "like the little engine that could, [because
they keep telling themselves "I think I can, I think I can".
Hope is distinct from positive thinking, which refers to a therapeutic or systematic process used in psychology for reversing pessimism. The term "false hope" refers to a hope based entirely around a fantasy or an extremely unlikely outcome